Social Economic
Sajjad Barkhordari
Abstract
Nowadays, the study of unemployment properties is particularly important as a result of the increase of this variable in recent years. This paper tests the hysteresis hypothesis in youth unemployment at the urban, rural, regional, and general level by using quarterly data in period 2000- 2018. In addition, ...
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Nowadays, the study of unemployment properties is particularly important as a result of the increase of this variable in recent years. This paper tests the hysteresis hypothesis in youth unemployment at the urban, rural, regional, and general level by using quarterly data in period 2000- 2018. In addition, this paper investigates the stochastic nature of unemployment for thirty regions of Iran. We first employ the ADF and KPSS methods to test the hysteresis hypothesis at the urban, rural and general levels. Second, we apply the IPS, Chio and Fisher methods to examine this test for thirty regions using quarterly data in the period 2005-2018. Finally, the PANIC method is applied to identify the common and idiosyncratic components of unemployment rates at the regional level. The findings of different methods give support to the existence of hysteresis for the youth unemployment at the urban, rural and general level. Also, our empirical findings provide that the evidence is favorable to the existence of hysteresis in some regions. These results implicate supply side policies are effective to reduce youth unemployment at different levels. Also, our empirical findings provide that the evidence is favorable to the existence of hysteresis in some regions. These results implicate supply side policies are effective to reduce youth unemployment at different levels.
Social Economic
Fatemeh Bazzazan
Abstract
Tourism has not been a growing sector in Iran in recent decades due to political conflicts with the west. Still, there is hope that it grows after lifting the economic and monetary sanctions and may bring both political and economic stability and more foreign tourists to Iran. This paper aims to study ...
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Tourism has not been a growing sector in Iran in recent decades due to political conflicts with the west. Still, there is hope that it grows after lifting the economic and monetary sanctions and may bring both political and economic stability and more foreign tourists to Iran. This paper aims to study the distributional impact of foreign tourist spending in Iran using structural path analysis (SPA) within the SAM framework. The primary databases are the 2011 SAM and foreign tourism spending in 2018. According to the SAM multiplier results, high-income groups benefit significantly from foreign tourists spending and generates more inequality between ten deciles of urban and rural household income groups. Moreover, the SPA approach results indicate that most of the paths affecting household income pass through production factors. Evaluating production factors reveal that mixed-income has a significant contributor to intermediate paths., Its share in global influence for higher-income groups is significantly greater than middle- and low-income groups. Global influence also reveals that compensation of employees for lower household income groups would be affected sharply.
Social Economic
Sajjad Barkhordari; Naser Ali Azimi
Abstract
Moving towards a knowledge-based economy is an important factor for developing countries. Achieving this goal requires improving different pillars such as innovation. Governance quality is a key factor to create innovation pillars and improve innovative activities. In this paper, we describe the impact ...
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Moving towards a knowledge-based economy is an important factor for developing countries. Achieving this goal requires improving different pillars such as innovation. Governance quality is a key factor to create innovation pillars and improve innovative activities. In this paper, we describe the impact of governance quality on improving innovation in selected MENA countries during 2009-2018. We used an empirical model and panel data method to describe the relationship between governance quality and innovative activities by considering control variables such as inflation, domestic credit provided by the financial sector (%GDP), the net inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade (%GDP). Empirical results indicate that the governance quality has a positive and significant effect on the performance of innovation in MENA countries. The positive effect of the governance quality sub-indices indicates that an improving institutional environment is necessary to stimulate innovation activities. The results also show that trade in MENA a country not only harms but also discourages innovative activities. According to empirical results, we propose that improving governance quality concentrated on government effectiveness and control of corruption is essential for innovative activities in MENA countries.
