(IJES) Shiraz University (Iranian Journal of Economic Studies (IJES 2322-1402 Shiraz University 15 10.22099/ijes.2018.27001.1373 مقاله پژوهشی بررسی تطبیقی ضرایب فزاینده تولید بخش‌ها در جداول داده-ستانده و ماتریس‌ حسابداری اجتماعی فریدزاد علی دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. بانویی علی اصغر دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران. 01 12 2017 6 2 143 158 11 10 2017 23 01 2018 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4716.html

مقایسه ضرایب فزاینده تولید بخش‌ها در الگوی داده-ستانده با رویکرد ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی نشان می‌دهد که مطابق مبانی نظری بر اساس رویکرد الگوی داده-ستانده لئونتیف، ضرایب فنی داده-ستانده (پیش‌نیاز محاسبه ضرایب فزاینده تقاضا به تولید)، از تقسیم مبادلات واسطه‌ای بین بخشی به ستانده یا عرضه داخلی هر بخش حاصل می‌شود در حالی که در رویکرد ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی بمنظور بدست آوردن ماتریس ضرایب فنی، ماتریس مبادلات واسطه‌ای بین بخشی بر عرضه کل (مجموع عرضه داخلی و واردات) تقسیم می‌گردد. این موضوع، منجر به اختلاف میان ضرایب فنی داده-ستانده و در پی آن ضرایب فزاینده تولیدی در جدول داده-ستانده و ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی خواهد شد بطوری که نمی‌توان ضرایب فزاینده تولیدی حاصل از جداول داده-ستانده را با ضرایب فزاینده تولید بخش‌ها حاصل از ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی مقایسه نمود. سوال اساسی آن است که چگونه می‌توان نتایج حاصل از ضرایب فزاینده تولید بخش‌ها در دو الگوی یادشده را مطابقت داد و قابلیت مقایسه آنها را با یکدیگر فراهم نمود؟ در این مطالعه از رویکرد روش‌شناسی الگوهای داده-ستانده و ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی متعارف استفاده می‌شود. همچنین به منظور پیگیری اهداف پژوهش، از جدول داده-ستانده و ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی سال 1390 مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس استفاده می‌شود.

 الگوی داده-ستانده ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی تفکیک واردات ضرایب فنی ضرایب فزاینده References  Banouei, A. (1989). Planning model for Iran in input – output framework. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Bombay, and University of Bombay, India. Banouei. A.A., & Mahmoudi, M. (2001). The importance of mixed income and its relation to the employment capacity of economic sectors based on semi social accounting matrix. Majale Barnamme va Boodje, 87-120. Banouei, A. M. (2003). Economic and social analysis of agriculture, industry and service sector multipliers based on SAM. Agriculture Economics and Development, 11(41-42), 1-26. Banouei A.A. (2011a). Evaluation of import deduction methods with emphasis of symmetric table of 2001. Economic Policy, 4(8), 31-73. Banouei, A.A. (2011b). The impacts of reducing the production of agriculture sector on the other economic sectors based on mixed approaches with emphasis normal and special conditions. Faslaname Eghtesad Keshavarzi va Tossee, 79, 155-186. Faridzad, A., Banouei, A.A., Momeni, F., & Amadeh, H. (2012). Investigating the economic and social impacts of petroleum products supply constraints using mixed social accounting matrix. Faslnameh Tahghighate Modelsazi Eghtesadi, 10(3), 99-123. Faridzad, A., Banouei, A.A., Momeni, F., & Amadeh, H. (2014). A policy-oriented analysis on price effect of limitations on petroleum products supply in light of modified supply-driven social accounting matrix. Faslnameh Majlis & Rahbord, 27(79), 153-184. Flegg A.T., & Tohmo, T. (2015). Using CHARM to adjust for cross-hauling: The case of province of Hube, China. Economic Systems Research, 27(3), 391-413. Ghosh, S., & Sengupta, S. (1984). Income distribution and the structure of production. Prometheus Books. Khaleghi, S., Bazzazan, F., & Madani, Sh. (2015). The effects of climate change on agricultural production and Iranian economy. Tahghighate Eghtesad Keshavarzi, 7(25), 113-135. Krorenberg G.T. (2009). Construction of regional input-output tables using non-survey methods: The role of cross-hauling. International Regional Science Review, 32(1), 40-46. Krosenberg G.T. (2012). Regional input-output models and treatment of imports in the European systems of accounts. Review of Regional Research, 32, 175-191. Miller, R. E., & Blair P. D. (2009). Input-output analysis: Foundations and extensions. Cambridge University Press. Pasha, P., Banouei, A., & Bahrami, J. (2013). Policy analysis of the role of import in evaluation of Iranian economic sectors importance. Pajooheshname Bazargani, 67, 81-100. The Research Center of the Islamic Parliment. (2011). Input-output table of 2011. The Research Center of the Islamic Parliment.
(IJES) Shiraz University (Iranian Journal of Economic Studies (IJES 2322-1402 Shiraz University 15 10.22099/ijes.2018.28774.1439 مقاله پژوهشی شناسایی کانال های موثر سازوکارهای انتقال پولی در ایران با استفاده از یک الگوی تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی شناسایی کانال های موثر سازوکارهای انتقال پولی در ایران مرزبان حسین بخش اقتصاد، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. رستم زاده پرویز بخش اقتصاد،دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. قادری جعفر بخش اقتصاد دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. خسروی عبدالحمید بخش اقتصاد دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. 01 12 2017 6 2 159 183 11 03 2018 30 04 2018 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4807.html

هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی کانال های موثر مکانیزم انتقال پولی در ایران است. بدین منظور، یک الگوی تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی مبتنی بر ساختار کینزی جدید مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. در این مدل، انواع مختلف چسبندگی های اسمی در معادلات لحاظ شده است به نحوی که معادلات نیز حول نقطه وضعیت پایدار استخراج و خطی شده اند. علاوه بر این، در طراحی مدل تعادل عمومی، دو قاعده پولی مختلف از نوع تیلور و مک‌کالم مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. به عبارت دیگر، کانال‌های مختلف مکانیزم انتقال پولی تحت این دو قاعده مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. به منظور برآورد این دو قاعده مختلف، از داده های فصلی دوره 1394 – 1369 استفاده شده است. روش مورد استفاده در این مطالعه روش بیزین می باشد. با توجه به نتایج برآورد حاصل از تجزیه واریانس، در قاعده مبتنی بر تیلور کانال های q توبین، نرخ بهره، ثروت و انتظارات کانال های موثر در مکانیزم انتقال پولی هستند و در قاعده مبتنی بر مک کالم، کانال های سیاست پولی،ثروت و انتظارات در مکانیزم انتقال پولی موثر هستند. همچنین، بر اساس شبیه سازی قاعده تیلور، افزایش نرخ بهره باعث کاهش تولید، مصرف، سرمایه گذاری و نرخ کاربری سرمایه می شود و در مدل مک کالم، یک شوک مثبت سیاست پولی باعث افزایش در متغیرهای اشاره شده می گردد که در نتیجه چسبندگی قیمت ها می باشد.

 مکانیزم انتقال پولی الگوی تعادل عمومی قواعد پولی کانالهای انتقال پولی References  Bernanki, B., & Blinder, Alan. (1998). Credit, money and aggregate demand. The American Economic Review, 78(2), 435-439. Boivin, J., & Kiley, M., & Mishkin, F. (2010). How Has the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Evolved Over Time? NBER Working Paper 15879. Calvo, G. (1983). Staggered prices in a utility maximizing framework. Journal of Monetary Economics. 12(3), 983-998. Christiano, L., Eichenbaum, M., & Evans, C. (2005). Nominal rigidities and the dynamic effects of a shock to monetary policy. Journal of Political Economy, 113 (1), 1-45. Ford, J., & Santoso, A. (2003). Bank behavior and the channel of monetary policy in Japan during 1965 – 1999. The Japanese Economic Review, 54(3), 275 – 299. Gali, J. (2007). Monetary Policy, Inflation and the Business Cycle, New Jersy, Princeton University Press. Gerali, A., & Neri, S., & Luca, S. (2010). Credit and banking in a DSGE model of the Euro area. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 42(1), 107-141. Koop, G. (2003). Bayesian Econometric, Chichester UK: John Wiley &sons. Komijani, A., & Alinejad, F. (2012). Evaluating effectiveness of monetary transmission channels on the output and inflation rate and analyzing their relative importance in Iran economy. Budget and Planning Journal, 17(2), 39 – 64. Kydland, F., & Prescott, E. (1982). Time to build and aggregate fluctuations. Econometrica, 50(6), 1345-1370. McCallum, B. (1999). Issues in the design of monetary policy rules. In Handbook of Macroeconomics, ed. J. B. Taylor and M. Woodford. Vol. 1C, 1483–1530. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Mohanty, M., & Turner, P. (2006). Foreign exchange reserve accumulation in emerging markets: What are the domestic implications? BIS Working Paper. Pourahmadi, R., Hadian, E., Sadraei Javaheri, A., & Shahnazi, R. (2017).Identifying the adopted monetary policy rule by the central bank of Iran. Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 6(1), 87-107. Skaperdas, A. (2017). How effective is monetary policy at the zero lower bound? Identification through industry heterogeneity. Finance and economics discussion series, Divisions of research & statistics and monetary affairs, Federal Reserve board. Senbet, D. (2016). Measuring the channels of monetary policy transmission: A Factor Augmented Vector Autoregressive (FAVAR) Approach. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 2, 5-40. Shah Hosseini, S., & Bahrami, J. (2016). Macroeconomic fluctuations and monetary transmission mechanism in Iran (DSGE model approach). Quarterly Economic Research, 60, 1- 48. Shahraki, S., Sabahi, A., & Mahdavi, – Adeli, M. (2015). Real exchange rate as a new monetary transmission mechanism in Iran economy: A DSGE model. Budget & Planning Journal, 4, 71 – 106. Sinelnikova, - Muryleva, E. (2017). Analysis of transmission mechanism of monetary policy of the bank of Russia in conditions of transition to inflation targeting. Working papers 041703, Russian Presidential. Smets, F., & Wouters, R. (2003). An estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the Euro area. Journal of the European Economic Association,1(5),1123-1175.
(IJES) Shiraz University (Iranian Journal of Economic Studies (IJES 2322-1402 Shiraz University 15 10.22099/ijes.2018.28145.1423 مقاله پژوهشی راهبرد ایران در بهره برداری از منابع مشترک نفت و گاز: رویکرد نظریه بازی راهبرد ایران در بهره برداری از منابع مشترک نفت و گاز سلیمیان صلاح گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. شهبازی کیومرث گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه ، ایران. 01 12 2017 6 2 185 202 19 01 2018 30 04 2018 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4808.html

مدیریت بهره برداری از ذخایر نفت و گاز خلیج فارس به دلیل اهمیت بسیار بالای این منطقه که حدود 60 درصد ذخایر اثبات شده نفت و 40 درصد ذخایر اثبات شده گاز جهان را داراست و استراتژی های نفت و گاز جهان را رقم خواهد زد، بسیار حیاتی است. این مقاله با بهره گیری از نظریه بازی به دنبال دست یابی به بهترین استراتژی است که ایران می تواند در مواجهه با سایر شرکای میادین مشترک، داشته باشد و همچنین در دو حالت همکاری و عدم همکاری در استخراج، بهترین استراتژی برای ایران و سایر کشورها چه خواهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که در صورت همکاری بین کشورها با سطح تلاش کمتری می توان همان اندازه از منابع را استخراج کرد که در صورت عدم همکاری بین کشورها اتفاق می افتاد. همچنین هر چه تعداد کشورها برای یک منبع مشترک، بیشتر باشد، سطح تلاش هر کشور کمتر خواهد بود اما سطح تلاش مجموع کشورها بیشتر خواهد شد، یعنی میزان تلاش بیشتری هدر می رود. نهایتاً پیشنهاد می گردد که کشورهای شریک در یک منبع با عقد موافقت نامه، با همکاری متقابل به استخراج منابع مشترک بپردازند، تا با میزان کمتری از تلاش بتوانند همان مقادیر از منابع مشترک را استخراج کنند.

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(IJES) Shiraz University (Iranian Journal of Economic Studies (IJES 2322-1402 Shiraz University 15 10.22099/ijes.2018.24959.1322 مقاله پژوهشی تاثیر نابرابری فرصت ها بر رشد اقتصادی و درآمد سرانه نابرابری فرصت و درآمد سرانه محمدی حسین دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. معارفی محمدی عبدالحمید گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. آقاصفری حنانه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. 01 12 2017 6 2 203 225 05 04 2017 12 03 2018 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4781.html

نابرابری فرصت و ارتباط آن با رشد اقتصادی موضوعی است که در مطالعات دیگر کمتر به آن اشاره شده است. در این مطالعه تلاش شده است تا اثرات نابرابری فرصت روی رشد اقتصادی در 15 کشور در حال توسعه و 15 کشور توسعه یافته طی دوره 1995-2015 مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. استفاده از روش برآورد میانگین گروهی در چارچوب داده های تابلویی، و ساخت شاخصی جدید برای نابرابری فرصت و بررسی اثر آن بر رشد اقتصادی از جمله موارد تمایز این مطالعه با سایر مطالعات می باشد. علاوه بر این اثرات نابرابری فرصت و زیرشاخص های آن روی درآمد سرانه با نتایج مدل زمانی که رشد اقتصادی متغیر وابسته بوده است، مقایسه شده است. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات شاخص نابرابری فرصت و زیر شاخص های آن روی رشد اقتصادی و سطح درآمد سرانه در بین کشورهای در حال توسعه و توسعه یافته، با یکدیگر تفاوت قابل ملاحظه ای داشته است.

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(IJES) Shiraz University (Iranian Journal of Economic Studies (IJES 2322-1402 Shiraz University 15 10.22099/ijes.2018.27401.1386 مقاله پژوهشی برجستگی عناصر قائم بالذات علم اقتصاد در روند تکامل اندیشه اقتصادی برجستگی عناصر قائم بالذات علم اقتصاد در روند تکامل اندیشه اقتصادی دادگر یدالله دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. 01 12 2017 6 2 227 249 20 11 2017 03 03 2018 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4736.html

این مقاله این موضوع را تحلیل می‌کند که: بازگشت به اندیشه اقتصادی به‌طوری چشمگیر در راستای تبیین عناصر قائم بالذات خود علم اقتصاد است. پیش‌فرض کلیدی این کار آن است که عناصر قائم بالذات علم اقتصاد بسته زیر را شامل می‌شود: 1- استواری بر یک سلسله اصول معرفت‌شناختی مانند عقلانیت، کارآمدی و تعادل 2- دارای نظریه‌های پویا 3- برخورداری آشکار از چارچوب بین‌رشته‌ای و پیوند نظام‌مند با دیگر رشته‌های علوم اجتماعی 4- دارای ظرفیت تولید پارادایم‌های میانه و معتدل 5- بهره‌مندی از قابلیت نهادی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی 6- ماهیت چند پارادایمی و قابلیت اصلاح روش شناختی و سرانجام 7- داشتن ظرفیت تحلیلی قوی به دلیل ویژگی‌های یادشده. همچنین بر این نتیجه تأکید می‌شود که اقتصاد به دلیل خصوصیت چند پارادایمی شامل رویکردهای ارتدکسی و هم غیر ارتدکسی است. یک یافته این مقاله نشان دادن کارآمدی پارادایم‌های غیر ارتدکسی از مجموعه پارادایم‌های اقتصاد متعارف است.

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(IJES) Shiraz University (Iranian Journal of Economic Studies (IJES 2322-1402 Shiraz University 15 10.22099/ijes.2018.28305.1430 مقاله پژوهشی اثر مالیات سبز بر بخش سلامت ایران: رهیافت تعادل عمومی اثر مالیات سبز بر بخش سلامت ایران ترکی هرچگانی محمدعلی گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران دهمرده نظر گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. 01 12 2017 6 2 251 270 03 02 2018 12 05 2018 Copyright © 2017, Shiraz University. 2017 https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4813.html

علی‌رغم وجود جنبه های مثبت مصرف انرژی، عوارض جانبی منفی ناشی از آن قابل توجه می باشد. آلودگی های زیست محیطی به عنوان یکی از این عوارض محسوب می شود که سلامت انسان ها را در قرن حاضر به مخاطره انداخته است. اعمال مالیات سبز بر روی نهاده ها و محصولات یا خدماتی که با محیط زیست سازگار نیستند، توسط اقتصاددانان محیط زیست به عنوان یک روش کارآمد برای بهبود شاخص های بهداشتی توصیه می شود. از آنجایی که ایران در میان کشورهای دارای مصرف سرانه بالای انرژی می باشد، آلودگی می تواند تهدید جدی برای جامعه ایجاد کند. این مطالعه با استفاده از یک مدل تعادل عمومی با در نظر گرفتن اثرات متفاوت بخش‌های اقتصاد، انرژی، محیط زیست و بخش سلامت به شبیه‌سازی اثر مالیات سبز بر شاخص‌های سلامت در ایران می‌پردازد. مدل ارائه شده با داده‌های ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی سال 1390 ایران کالیبره شده است. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد با اعمال سیاست مالیات سبز، انتشار تمامی‌آلاینده‌ها با درجات مختلفی همواره کاهش می‌یابد. همچنین، اثرات آلودگی بر شاخص‌های سلامت نشان می‌دهد که سهم هزینه‌های مرگ و میر، بیماری(ناخوشی) و اثرات غیرسلامت ناشی از آلودگی هوا به ترتیب 62، 26.4 و 11.6 درصد می‌باشد.

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