Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Economic Studies
2322-1402
2717-1590
6
1
2018
03
17
Gender and the Factors Affecting Child Labor in Iran: an Application of IV-TOBIT Model
7
28
EN
Teimour
Mohammadi
0000-0003-4394-774X
Faculty of Economics, Allame Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran.
atmahmadi@gmail.com
Zahra
Karimi Moughari
Department of Economics, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
zakarimi@umz.ac.ir
Sahand
Ebrahimi Pourfaez
Department of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
s.ebrahimi@stu.umz.ac.ir
10.22099/ijes.2017.25423.1334
In this paper we first intend to examine the probability of falling into the realm of child labor by using conditional probability theorem. Furthermore, we will compare the extent of each factor’s effect on boys and girls using a TOBIT regression model. Finally we will analyze aspects of Iran’s labor market to assess the future ahead of the children who work at present. As the results will show, the probability of not attending school conditional on being male is 0.081, whereas the same probability conditional on being female is 0.12. More probability scores are estimated in the paper. Moreover, the results from the TOBIT regression shows that in general boys are more affected than the girls by the same factors. Also, based on the macro statistics published by Iran’s Statistical Center, the graduation of numerous people from graduate schools combined with the low and slow rate of economic growth makes it quite difficult to find a decent work in the country. As a result, the skilled labor force will be content with accepting low wage jobs which are more suitable for the unskilled workers. Therefore, those who left school earlier in their lives will face several problems in the future.
Child Labor,The Wealth Paradox,The Luxury Axiom,TOBIT models,Labor Market
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4545.html
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4545_5a5b7fc04e1d7436107f7e98377e4a11.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Economic Studies
2322-1402
2717-1590
6
1
2017
03
16
Inflation Behavior in Top Sukuk Issuing Countries: Using a Bayesian Log-linear Model
29
46
EN
Hasan
Kiaee
Faculty of Islamic Studies and Economics, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran.
kiaee@isu.ac.ir
10.22099/ijes.2017.23169.1284
This paper focused on developing a model to study the effect of sukuk issuance on the inflation rate in top sukuk issuing Islamic economies at 2014. For this purpose, as the available sample size is small, a Bayesian approach to regression model is used which contains key supply and demand side factors in addition to the outstanding sukuk volume as potential determinants of inflation rate. In the suggested model, inflation rate variable shows an apparent right skewness and the efficiency of log transformation for this variable is confirmed via Box-Cox approach. To give Bayesian estimators of the regression parameters, we have implemented an MCMC approach including 100,000 iterations in the WinBUGS software. The results show that sukuk volume is a significant determinant of inflation in selected Islamic countries, but only in the well-developed capital market economies its increase could decline the rate of inflation and so sukuk could be used as a policy instrument for controlling inflation. Also the Bayesian estimation of the other parameters shows that increase of money growth and exchange rate growth lead to higher inflation rates.
Sukuk,Inflation Rate,Bayesian Approach,Islamic Finance,Log-Linear Regression
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4532.html
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4532_409a6b6faa16b376b889474fba0f3fae.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Economic Studies
2322-1402
2717-1590
6
1
2018
03
17
The Exchange Rate Asymmetric Pass-Through to Import Price Index: The Case Study of Iran
47
64
EN
Hossein
Asgharpour
Department of Economics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
asgharpourh@gmail.com
Elham
Vafaei
Department of Economics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
elham.vafaei@yahoo.com
Hamed
Abdolmaleki
Department of Economics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
hamedab1986@gmail.com
10.22099/ijes.2018.19977.1243
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the asymmetric effects of exchangerate on Iranian import price index using quarterly time series data over the period 1990- 2011. For this purpose, positive and negative shocks of the exchange rate have been separated from each other using dummy variables and the effects of the size of the exchange rate shocks by determining a threshold.<br />The empirical results indicate that the positive and negative shocks of the exchange rate both have positive and asymmetric effects on the import price index. The results show that the effects of negative shocks of the exchange rate on the imports price index is more than the positive shocks effect. In addition, the experimental findings of the research indicate that the effect of foreign exchange rate shocks size on the imports price is asymmetric and the effectiveness extent of smaller shocks is significantly more than that of bigger exchange rate shocks.<br />Moreover, according to the results, the effects of positive and negative shocks based on the size of foreign exchange shocks (small & big) on the imports price is asymmetric and the results show that the effect of small negative shocks is more than big ones and also the effects of small positive shocks is more than big ones.
Exchange rate,Import Price Index,Asymmetric efects,Iran
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4707.html
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4707_5d27e2f500c6b7220a483d007cbbc49d.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Economic Studies
2322-1402
2717-1590
6
1
2018
03
17
Modelling and Experimental Testing of Asymmetric Information Problems in Lease and Hire Contracts (Based on Contract Theory)
65
86
EN
Morteza
Derakhshan
Department of Economics, University of Isfahan,
Isfahan, Iran.
morteza.derakshan@yahoo.com
MirHadi
Hosseini Kondelaji
Department of Economics, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
m-hosseinikondelaji@araku.ac.ir
10.22099/ijes.2018.21842.1256
This article aims to study lease and hiring contract in the Iranian-Islamic setting and analyze the asymmetric information problem in these contracts. For doing this, we study the characteristics of lease and hiring contracts in Iran (real world experimental characteristics that recognized in other studies), using library method, then we mathematically model different aspects of asymmetric information (hidden information and hidden action) using contract theory. The result of model indicates that there is a list of optimal contracts in any lease or hiring transactions that can solve asymmetric information problems (adverse selection and moral hazard) by satisfying the participation and incentive compatibility constraints. Finally in the experimental analyses we calculate the optimal contract with hypothetical parameters using lingo software and illustrate that the main models provided for every transactions is solvable and the optimal contracts are obtainable. Experimental contracts shows that the lessor has to set security deposits of tenant type θL lower than tenant type θH and set higher monthly rent for him in lease contracts, and principal has to set wage of tenant type θL lower than tenant type θH and set higher length of contract for him in hiring contracts to solve asymmetric information problems.
Lease,Hire Contract,Contract theory,Asymmetric Information
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4709.html
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4709_ea4dfafb25e35c7a50e723234c85fe24.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Economic Studies
2322-1402
2717-1590
6
1
2018
03
17
Identifying the adopted Monetary Policy Rule by the Central Bank of Iran
87
107
EN
Raha
Pourahmadi Haghighi
Departement of Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
rpoorahmadi@gmail.com
Ebrahim
Hadian
Departement of Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
ehadian@rose.shirazu.ac.ir
Ahmad
Sadraei Javaheri
0000-0002-7853-4411
Departement of Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
sadraei@shirazu.ac.ir
Rouhollah
Shahnazi
Departement of Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
rshanazi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir
10.22099/ijes.2018.27577.1402
It is obvious that an optimal policy should consider main dimensions of the phenomenon that can affect the transmission mechanism of that policy. In an open economy, it is expected that variables of the foreign sector play important role in its economic behavior. Therefore, it needs that any optimal policy in an open economy to design in such a way which involves changes in the foreign sector. Due to this fact, this paper aims at assessing the monetary policy of Central Bank of Iran to find that whether this policy takes a right way or not. To do so, a DSGE model along with MCMC criteria are employed.<br />The main result indicates that the Central Bank decision on monetary policy follows McCallum rule without any respond to exchange rate shocks.
Monetary Policy,Exchange rate,Monetary rule,Open economy
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4719.html
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4719_f9f5e1222489aeb665c7dd67b4cc19a5.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Economic Studies
2322-1402
2717-1590
6
1
2018
03
17
Analysis of Electricity Generation’s Externalities on Sectorial Output Growth and Welfare in Iran
109
127
EN
Majid
Maddah
Department of Economicss, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
majid.maddah@semnan.ac.ir
Mohammad Mehdi
Berijanian
Department of Economicss, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
mmberijanian@yahoo.com
Mohammad Sadegh
Ghazizadeh
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
ghazizadeh.ms@gmail.com
10.22099/ijes.2018.27858.1416
Environmental problems are one of the most challenging issues for the entire world and each country. In economic studies, environmental issues are analyzed as negative externalities. In this article, the negative externalities of electricity production on the output growth of different sectors and household’s welfare in Iran’s economy have been studied through price system using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model empirically. In this regard, Iran’s Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 and GAMS software by introducing five scenarios related to environmental effects of electricity production have been used. The results show that firstly, the internalization of electricity production externalities reduces the output of agriculture and industry sectors in all scenarios, while the output of services will increase. Secondly, internalization of electricity production externalities increases total economy’s output and declines the household’s welfare.
Externalities,Electricity Production,Sectorial Output Growth,Welfare,CGE Model
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4721.html
https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4721_dcbde07ffa8302c3c0b067437df4cadf.pdf