نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد اقتصاد بین الملل، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر- ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر- ایران

چکیده

گردشگری، فعالیت اقتصادی چند وجهی است که در چارچوب یک فرآیند دو طرفه، در تعامل با محیط زیست قرار دارد. این در حالی است که از یک سو، منابع زیست محیطی، مواد اولیه‎ی گردشگری را تأمین می‎کند و از سوی دیگر، گردشگری با تولید انواع مختلفی از محصولات جانبی، خواسته یا ناخواسته اثرات مثبت و منفی عمده‎ای را بر محیط زیست تحمیل می‎کند. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، بررسی رابطه‎ی گردشگری و عملکرد محیط زیست در کشورهای حوزه دریای خزر طی دوره‏ی 2013-2002 است. برای این منظور، از الگوی خودرگرسیون برداری در قالب داده‏های تابلویی(P-VAR) استفاده گردیده است. نتایج تحقیق با تحلیل توابع عکس‎العمل آنی و تجزیه واریانس حاکی از آن است که واکنش گردشگری بین المللی نسبت به عملکرد محیط زیست، شاخص توسعه انسانی، تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه و درجه بازبودن تجاری در مناطق حوزه دریای خزر مثبت است و واکنش عملکرد محیط زیست نسبت به تکانه‏های ناشی از گردشگری و GDP سرانه در این کشورها منفیاست. هم‎چنین، با توجه به سایر نتایج این مطالعه، واکنش عملکرد محیط زیست نسبت به شاخص توسعه انسانی، درجه باز بودن تجاری و مجذور GDP سرانه مثبت بدست آمده است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، پیشنهاد می‎شود دولت‎های حاشیه دریای خزر در توسعه گردشگری به مسائل زیست محیطی توجه ویژه‎ای داشته باشند.

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