Public Economics
Shahryar Zaroki; Mastaneh Yadollahi Otaghsara
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of real minimum wage on informal employment in rural and urban areas of provinces of Iran between 2005 and 2018. For this aim, by applying microdata on the income-expenditure plan of urban and rural households and with the aid of the minimum wage index, the ratio of ...
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This study investigates the effects of real minimum wage on informal employment in rural and urban areas of provinces of Iran between 2005 and 2018. For this aim, by applying microdata on the income-expenditure plan of urban and rural households and with the aid of the minimum wage index, the ratio of informal employment to total employment was calculated. Preliminary data analysis shows that one-third of urban employees and more than half of rural employees are engaged in informal occupations during this period. Then, the research model was estimated using the panel data method. Estimating the random effects model shows that the real minimum wage and tax burden positively affect informal employment in urban areas. In rural areas, the estimation using the Fixed effects method (and FGLS estimator) shows that real minimum wage, tax burden, and Gini coefficient positively affect informal employment. Furthermore, the interactive effect coefficient of real minimum wage considering the unemployment rate illustrates that in urban areas, the increase of unemployment rate increases the positive effect of real minimum wage. In rural areas, the increasing unemployment rate reduces the positive effect of the real minimum wage
Esfandiar Jahangard; Zeinabsadat Pourahmadi
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the effects of broadband infrastructure providing high speed internet, on economic growth in developing countries. We have used two different broadband measures to classify developing countries into two groups for the period 1999-2008. By using logistic diffusion model and ...
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In this paper we investigate the effects of broadband infrastructure providing high speed internet, on economic growth in developing countries. We have used two different broadband measures to classify developing countries into two groups for the period 1999-2008. By using logistic diffusion model and IV approach, a nonlinear diffusion model is specified. Differences in ceiling of diffusion curve of this technology across countries are defined by pre-existing telephone networks. Then, after predicting broadband penetration rates through the diffusion curve and controlling for fixed effects, the effects of introduction and distribution of broadband on economic growth are estimated. The results indicate that these effects are significant and positive.
Abstract
The banking sector is one of the important financial intermediaries in an economic system. Improvement in the banking sector can achieve optimal allocation of financial resources. The performance of banks and other financial service providers has direct effect on economic growth. One of the factors that ...
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The banking sector is one of the important financial intermediaries in an economic system. Improvement in the banking sector can achieve optimal allocation of financial resources. The performance of banks and other financial service providers has direct effect on economic growth. One of the factors that can affect the banks operation is economic freedom. Economic freedom and freedom of private property rights can influence the quality of financial institutions such as banks. Using panel data model, this paper attempts to study the effect of the economic freedom index on the performance of banks in selected developed and developing countries for the period 2001-2011. According to our finding, countries with higher degree of economic freedom index have better financial performance. Moreover, economic freedom indexes have positive effects on bank′s profitability in both groups of countries.
