Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Faculty, Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.
Abstract
Monopoly and negative externalities are two aspects of market failure that affect the market performance. This study extends the Leibenstein approach, a framework to measure the market performance, which evaluates the social welfare costs of market power and environmental inefficiency. To assess the deadweight loss, we capture pollution impacts, on the market performance in an imperfect competition. In doing so, we assess marginal costs and price elasticity of demand by a Translog function, market power by Herfindahl-Hirschman and Lerner indices, and environmental inefficiency by directional distance functions, at a Cournot competition for Iran’s energy-intensive industries at the four-digit ISIC level. Our results demonstrate that the social welfare costs of welfare triangle and economic rent are negligible and include a small amount of welfare costs. Non-ferrous foundry imposes the lowest social cost (1.03% of its production value), and cement, lime and gypsum industries impose the highest social cost (50.7% of their production value). Those industries with more market power pay less attention to the environment. In polluting industries, welfare loss, due to market power, is relatively negligible. However, relatively high cost of social welfare, due to environmental inefficiency, indicates the necessity of levying a green tax to reduce the adverse effects.
Keywords
- Social Welfare Costs
- Environmental Pollution
- Market Performance
- Energy-Intensive Industries
- Monopoly
Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
رفاه گمشده تحت قدرت بازاری و ناکارایی زیست محیطی در شرایط رقابت ناقص؛ مطالعه موردی صنایع انرژی بر ایران
Authors [Persian]
- محمد نبی شهیکی تاش 1
- مصطفی خواجه حسنی 1
- مرتضی یعقوبی 2
1 گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، سیستان و بلوچستان، ایران.
2 گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی دانشگاه تربت حیدریه و پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، خراسان رضوی، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]
انحصار و اثرات جانبی منفی دو جنبه شکست بازار هستند که بر عملکرد بازار تأثیر می گذارند. این مطالعه از رویکرد تعمیم یافته لایبنشتاین که چارچوبی برای سنجش عملکرد بازار با تکیه بر هزینه های رفاه اجتماعی قدرت بازار و ناکارآمدی محیطی است، استفاده میکند. برای ارزیابی رفاه گمشده، در یک رقابت ناقص اثرات آلودگی را بر عملکرد بازار درنظر می گیریم. هزینه نهایی و کشش قیمت تقاضا با یک تابع ترانسلوگ، قدرت بازار با شاخص های هرفیندال-هیرشمن و لرنر و ناکارایی زیست محیطی با استفاده از توابع فاصله در یک شرایط کورنو برای صنایع پرمصرف ایران در چهار سطح ISIC رقمی ارزیابی میشوند. نتایج نشان می دهد که هزینه های رفاه اجتماعی مثلث رفاه و رانت اقتصادی بسیار ناچیز است و مقدار کمی از هزینه های رفاه را دربرمیگیرد. ریخته گری غیر آهنی کمترین هزینه اجتماعی (1.03٪ از ارزش تولید آن) و صنایع سیمان ، آهک و گچ بیشترین هزینه اجتماعی (50.7٪ از ارزش تولید آنها) را تحمیل می کنند. صنایعی که قدرت بازار بیشتری دارند کمتر به محیط زیست توجه می کنند. در صنایع آلاینده ، از دست دادن رفاه به دلیل قدرت بازار نسبتاً ناچیز است. با این حال ، هزینه نسبتاً بالای رفاه اجتماعی به دلیل عدم کارایی محیط زیست ، ضرورت اخذ مالیات سبز برای کاهش اثرات سو را نشان می دهد.
Keywords [Persian]
- هزینه های رفاه اجتماعی
- آلودگی محیط زیست
- عملکرد بازار
- صنایع انرژی بر
- انحصار
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