Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department od Economic,Faculty of Economics & Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Department of Economics,Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Lorestan,University, Lorestan, Iran

Abstract

Government expense is an important financial tool for empowering the poor. In such a way that the government provides a suitable environment for the business of people by investing in the fields of defense, judiciary, legislation, order and security. In addition, by providing social services such as education, health, social security, and transportation, communication, energy and infrastructure, the government causes an increase in human capacity for earning more money leading to the reduction of poverty and inequality. The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimal amount of government expenses in economic, social and cultural, defense and security, public affairs. Related chapters aim at minimizing income inequality. In this regard, the threshold regression model and the simplex linear programming algorithm are used for estimating the time series data during the period 1971-2019. The results reveal that the optimal amount of government expenditure total should be equal to 19.2% of GDP to reduce the income inequality. Also, for reducing the income inequality, the optimal amount of public, defense, social and economic expenses in GDP should reach 1.1, 2.35, 10.2 and 5.5 percent, respectively. Moreover, among the chapters, the optimal amount of education, health and defense chapters with the highest priority should be 6.5, 2.25, 1.79% of GDP, respectively. Furthermore, other chapters have different effects on income inequality.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

مقدار بهینه اجزای مخارج دولت با هدف کاهش نابرابری درآمد( مورد ایران)

Authors [Persian]

  • محمد حسن فطرس 1
  • محمد علیزاده 2
  • نرگس احمدوند 2

1 گروه اقتصاد،دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

Abstract [Persian]

مخارج دولت یک ابزار مالی مهم برای توانمند سازی فقرا به شمار می رود. به گونه ای که دولت با سرمایه گذاری در حوزه های دفاعی، قانون گذاری، نظم و امنیت محیطی مناسب برای کسب و کار افراد فراهم می کند. همچنین، با ارائه خدمات اجتماعی همچون؛ آموزش، بهداشت، تامین اجتماعی و زیر ساخت های حمل و نقل، ارتباطات، انرژی موجب افزایش توانایی های انسانی برای کسب درآمد بیشتر، کاهش فقر و نابرابری می شود. در این میان، هدف این پژوهش برآورد مقدار بهینه مخارج دولت در اﻣﻮر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و فرهنگی، ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و دﻓﺎﻋﯽ و فصول مربوط به هریک از امور با هدف حداقل سازی نابرابری درآمد است. در این راستا از مدل رگرسیون آستانه و الگوریتم برنامه ریزی خطی سیمپلکس جهت برآورد داده های سری زمانی در طی دوره زمانی 1398-1350 بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج بیانگر این است که برای کاهش نابرابری درآمد باید مقدار بهینه کل مخارج دولت برابر 19.2 درصد تولید ناخالص داخلی باشد. همچنین، برای کاهش نابرابری درآمد باید مقدار بهینه مخارج امور عمومی، دفاعی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی در تولید ناخالص داخلی به ترتیب به 1.1، 2.35، 10.2 و 5.5 درصد برسد. همچنین، در میان فصول، مقدار بهینه فصل آموزش، سلامت و دفاع با بیشترین اولویت باید به ترتیب به 6.5 ، 2.25، 1.79 درصد از تولید ناخالص داخلی باشد. سایر فصول نیز آثار متفاوتی بر روی نابرابری درآمد دارا هستند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • اندازه دولت
  • توزیع درآمد
  • مدل رگرسیون آستانه
  • الگو ریتم برنامه ریزی خطی سیمپلکس
  • اقتصاد ایران
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