Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to criticize the Iranian governments’ policies supporting the Foreign Direct Investors. In this regard, 243 questionnaires have been distributed among actual investors (active in the country) and 107 questionnaires among potential ones; by collecting and applying Heckman two-step model, we analyzed them. Uusing Heckman two-step model was necessary because factors influencing potential investors’ behaviors to come or not to Iran were not necessarily the same as the factors influencing the amount of investment inflows by actual investors. Accordingly, in this article, the soft dimension of business environment (encompassing incertitude due to Political Instability, Xenophobia, ...) is differentiated from its hard dimension (encompassing Bureaucratic Environment, Government Executive Inability, ...) which can influance on the way that these dimensions impact on investor’s behavior. The results indicate that while in deciding to come to Iran, the investors only consider the soft dimension and its decisive importance, policy making in the field of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI ) are concentrated only on hard dimensions of the matter. For investors, deciding to enter Iran, the soft dimension is important to them, not the hard dimension, but after entering the country, hard dimensions also becomes important, so that if the country's status is suitable in terms of hard dimensions, actual investors will be more motivated to develop their business and bring more capital in to the country. Improperly prioritizes issues that the investors face, can be one of the failure factors of current policy making to attract real investors.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
نقد سیاست های حمایتی دولت از سرمایه گذاران خارجی: روش دو مرحله ای هکمن
Authors [Persian]
- میررضا فاضلیان
- خدیجه نصراللهی
- هادی امیری
گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]
هدف این مقاله نقد سیاست‌های حمایتی دولت از سرمایه‌گذاران خارجی است که بدین منظور اطلاعات از طریق توزیع 243پرسشنامه در بین سرمایه‌گذاران بالفعل( فعال در کشور) و 107 پرسشنامه در بین سرمایه-گذاران بالقوه جمع‌آوری شده و با استفاده از الگوی دو مرحله‌ای هکمن مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. ضرورت استفاده از الگوی دو مرحله‌ای هکمن به این موضوع بر می‌گردد که عوامل موثر بر رفتار سرمایه‌گذاران بالقوه هنگام تصمیم‌گیری جهت ورود/عدم ورود به کشور ایران لزوما با عوامل موثر بر میزان سرمایه ورودی توسط سرمایه‌گذاران بالفعل یکسان نیستند. لذا در این مقاله بعد نرم محیط کسب و کار(شامل نااطمینانی‌های ناشی از بی‌ثباتی سیاسی، بیگانه‌هراسی و ... ) از بعد سخت محیط کسب و کار ( شامل محیط بوروکراسی ، ناتوانی اجرایی دولت و ... ) تفکیک شده و نحوه اثرگذاری ابعاد مذکور بر رفتار سرمایه-گذاران با استفاده از الگوی هکمن تجزیه و تحلیل می‌شود. نتایج این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌گذاران هنگام نوشتن سیاست‌ها در حوزه سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی، بدون توجه به ابعاد نرم مسئله بر بعد سخت متمرکز شده‌اند. این درحالی است که سرمایه‌گذاران هنگام تصمیم‌گیری جهت ورود به کشور ایران بعد نرم برایشان مهم است نه بعد سخت اما بعد از ورود به کشور ابعاد سخت نیز اهمیت پیدا می‌کنند به طوری که اگر وضعیت کشور به لحاظ ابعاد سخت مناسب باشد سرمایه‌گذاران بالفعل انگیزه بیشتری برای توسعه کسب و کارشان و ورود سرمایه بیشتر به کشور دارند. نتیجه این نحوه سیاست‌گذاری( اولویت‌بندی نادرست مسائل پیش روی سرمایه‌گذاران) شکست در جذب سرمایه‌گذاران واقعی است.
Keywords [Persian]
- کلید واژه‌ها: محیط کسب و کار
- سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی
- مدل هکمن
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