Impact of Public-Private Partnership for Trade: Free Zones of Iran

Etemedmoghaddam, Fatemeh; Sameti, Majid; Ghobadi, Sara; Mahinizadeh, Mansour

doi:10.22099/ijes.2022.42167.1799

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Department of Economics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

² Department of Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

³ Faculty of Economics, Management and Accounting, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

10.22099/ijes.2022.42167.1799

Abstract

In an effort to achieve economic growth and development, to eliminate or minimize the traditional barriers of trade, trade facilitation (TF), and increase international trade, free trade zones in Iran were founded. In this regard, part of the solution to increasing countries' international trade is provided by Public- Private Partnerships. Since trade facilitation includes a relationship between the Public and Private sectors, this type of partnership is especially important in trade facilitation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship of the factors that have the greatest impact on TF-oriented PPPs in the free zones and these factors derive from the theory of PPPs. Qualitative data was collected focusing on private, public, and academic sector professionals involved in free zones and trade by a researcher-made questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) strategy was utilized to look at the model and test the research hypotheses. Of the 5-hypothesis proposed by this study, four hypotheses were confirmed and one was rejected. The results have shown that the variables of private sector abilities, the micro-environment factors, and the macro-environment factors, in that arrange, have the foremost impact on TF-oriented PPPs and TF-oriented PPPs have a strong relationship to trade facilitation. Therefore, the use of TF-oriented PPPs in free zones can have a positive effect on trade facilitation, and the development of TF dimensions will also lead to trade facilitation in Iran's free zones.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Public Economics

Article Title [Persian]

تاثیر مشارکت بخش خصوصی و دولتی بر تجارت: مناطق آزاد ایران

Authors [Persian]

فاطمه اعتمادمقدم ¹
مجید صامتی ²
سارا قبادی ¹
منصور مهینی زاده ³

¹ گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ایران.

² گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

³ دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

Abstract [Persian]

در تلاش برای دستیابی به رشد و توسعه اقتصادی، حذف یا به حداقل رساندن موانع سنتی تجارت، تسهیل تجارت (TF) و افزایش تجارت بین‌المللی، مناطق آزاد تجاری در ایران تأسیس شد. در این راستا، بخشی از راه‌حل افزایش تجارت بین‌المللی کشورها توسط مشارکت‌های دولتی و خصوصی ارائه می‌شود. از آنجایی که تسهیل تجارت شامل رابطه بین عوامل دولتی و خصوصی است، این نوع مشارکت در تسهیل تجارت اهمیت ویژه ای دارد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی رابطه عواملی است که بیشترین تأثیر را بر PPPهای TF محور در مناطق آزاد دارند و این عوامل برگرفته از تئوری PPPها هستند. داده‌های کیفی با تمرکز بر متخصصان بخش خصوصی، دولتی و دانشگاهی درگیر در مناطق آزاد و تجاری توسط پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته جمع‌آوری شد. برای بررسی مدل و آزمون فرضیه های تحقیق از روش مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) استفاده شد. از 5 فرضیه مطرح شده در این پژوهش، چهار فرضیه تأیید و یک فرضیه رد شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای توانایی‌های بخش خصوصی، عوامل محیطی خرد و عوامل محیطی کلان به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر PPPهای TF محور دارند و PPPهای TF گرا رابطه قوی با تسهیل تجارت دارند. . بنابراین استفاده از PPP های TF محور در مناطق آزاد می تواند تاثیر مثبتی بر تسهیل تجارت داشته باشد و توسعه ابعاد TF نیز موجب تسهیل تجارت در مناطق آزاد ایران خواهد شد.

Keywords [Persian]

مشارکت بخش خصوصی و دولتی
تسهیل تجارت
معادلات ساختاری
مناطق آزاد

References

Abbaasi Esfanjani, H., (2016). Designing a model for commercialization of academic research by modeling methodstructural equations of partial least squares (SEM-PLS). Quarterly Journal of Business Research, 82, 33-65.

Campos, M. L., Morini, C., Moraes, G. H., & Inaci, E. (2018). Public- private partnership for trade facilitation: A theoretical model. Management and Industrial Engineering, 113-120. Dol:10.1007/978-3-319-58409-613.

Chen, J., Wan, Z., Zhang, F., Park, N. K., Zheng, A., & Zhao, J. (2018). Evalution and comparison of the development performances of typical free trade port zones in China. Transportation Research Part A, 118, 506-526.

Chen, Z., Daito, N., & Gifford, J. (2017). Socioeconomic impacts of transportation public-private partnerships: A dynamic CGE assessment. Transport Policy, 58, 80-87.

Chisa, O. S., Kayode, V., Ikeni, N. O., & Gambo, A. A. I. (2015). Public- private partnership (PPP) as catalyst for sustainable infrastructural development (Effort of rivers, cross rivers, Oyo and Lagos State government). International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 4, 53-69.

Cuttaree, V., & Mandri-Perrott, C. (2011). Public-private partnerships in Europe and Central Asia, designing crisis-resilient strategies and bankable projects. World Bank.

Davari, A., & Rezazadeh, A. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with PLSSoftware. Tehran: Organization Jahad Daneshgahi Publication (In Persian), 1.

Demirag, I., Khadaroo, I., Stapleton, P., & Stevenson, C. (2011). Risks and the financing of PPP: Perspectives from the financiers. The British Accounting Review, 43(4), 294-310.

Felsinger, K. (2005). Public- private partnership. Handbook, Asian Development Bank.

Eskandary, M., Taghavifard, M. T., Raeesi Vanani, I., & Ghazi Noori, S. (2019). Identification and prioritization of public-private partnership indicators in Iran’s water and wastewater industry via data mining algorithms. Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 8(2), 375-396.

Gaeta, G., & Etemadmoghaddam, F. (2020). The role of public-private-partnership on trade facilitation: WCO and IRICA perspectives and opportunities. World Customs Organisation Fellowship Programme 2020-2021, 1-24.

Grainger, A. (2014). The WTO trade facilitation agreement: Consulting the private sector. World Trade, 48(6), 1167-1188.

Hair, J., Hult, T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Translated by Adel Azar & Rasoul Gholamzade, Tehran: Neghae Danesh Publication (In Persian), 1.

Huang, D., Van, V. T., Hossin, Md. E., & He, Zh. (2017). Shanghai pilot free trade zone and its effect on economic growth: A counter-factual approach. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 5, 73-91.

Jalali Naeini, S. G., Shahanghi, K., & Emamian, S. (2014). Presenting a financial model to resolve disputes in public-private partnership contracts using game theory. Management Research in Iran, 18, 3-24.

Latan, H., & Ghozali, I. (2012). Partial least square konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan program smartPLS 2.0 M3. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Lick, D., & Hamlin, R. E. (2012). Public-private partnerships for promotion of cross-border trade and transportation. Canada-United States Law Journal, 37, 170-206.

Moïsé, E. (2013). The costs and challenges of implementing trade facilitation measures. OECD Trade Policy Pap, 157, 1-18.

Moliner, M. A., Sánchez, J., Rodríguez, R. M., & Callarisa, L. (2007). Relationship quality with a travel agency: The influence of the post purchase perceived value of a tourism package, Tour. Hospitality Res, https://www.jstor.org/stable, 7, 194-211.

Nyamdorj, G. (2007). Public-private partnerships in mongolian electronic government, Ganbold Nyamdorj ICTA, Sukhbaatar Sqr-1, Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Copyright (2007). ACM 978-1-59593-822, 10-13.

Osei-Kyei, R., & Chan, A. P. C. (2015). Review of studies on the critical success factors for public-private partnership (PPP) projects from 1990 to 2013. Int J Project Manage, 33(6), 1335-1346.

Peugh, J., & Feldon, D. F. (2020). How well does your structural equation model fit your data? Is marcoulides and Yuan’s equivalence test the answer? Life Sciences Education, 19(es5), 1-8.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2009). Handbook TD/B/C. I/MEM.1/5. Public and Private Partnerships for the Development of Infrastructure to Facilitate Trade and Transport.

Vinzi, E. V., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). Handbook of partial least squares. PLS Path Modeling: From Foundations to Recent Developments and Open Issues for Model Assessment and Improvement, 47-89.

Wetzels, R. G. W., Raaijmakers, J., Jakab, E., & Wagenmakers, E. (2009). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(4), 752-760. doi:10.3758/PBR.16.4.752.

World Bank Group. (2018). Handbook, Benchmarking Public-Private Partnerships Procurement. Benchmarking PPP Procurement: Assessing Government Capability to Prepare, Procure and Manage PPPs.

Word Customs Organization. (2011). Trade facilitation; instruments, approaches, trends, initiatives and more. WCO news, 65.

Yakubu, A. T., & Muhammed, I. A. (2020). The role of fiscal transparency in road transport infrastructure quality in sub-saharan Africa. Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 9(2), 395-411.

Zephaniah, C. O., Ogba, I. E., & Izogo, E. (2020). Examining the effect of customers’ perception of bank marketing communication on customer. loyalty, Scientific African, 8, 1-8.

Impact of Public-Private Partnership for Trade: Free Zones of Iran

References

References

Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 20December 2021Pages 565-591

Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 20
December 2021
Pages 565-591