Child Participation in Iran Labor Market, Individual and Environmental Determinants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Judicial Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The phenomenon of child labor and street children is one of the pressing issues in most contemporary large cities around the world. The prevalence of this phenomenon has become so significant that it engages both developed and developing societies equally. Child labor refers to any form of employing children in activities that are mentally, physically, socially, or ethically hazardous and deprive them of their childhood and continuous participation in education. In this study, an attempt was made to present an overview of the situation of these children in Iran using available data related to child labor (microdata from the labor force survey conducted between the years 2016 to 2020 has been used). Subsequently, by applying logistic regression, the individual and household factors influencing child labor were examined. In the overall model, migration (both international and domestic), lack of education among household heads, and rural living were identified as the most significant environmental factors contributing to child labor participation. In urban areas, the most influential environmental factors affecting child participation, in order of importance, were migration (both international and domestic) and household head unemployment. In rural areas, the key environmental variables increasing child participation included the education level of the household head, migration, and household head unemployment. Analyzing urban and rural patterns separately, while avoiding aggregation errors from the overall model, underscores the high impact of economic factors on child labor.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

مشارکت کودکان در بازار کار ایران، بررسی عوامل محیطی و فردی

Authors [Persian]

  • ملیحه حدادمقدم 1
  • پدرام داودی 2
1 گروه جمعیت شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 پژوهشگاه قوه قضائیه، تهران، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

پدیده کار کودکان و کودکان خیابانی یکی از چالش‌های اساسی در بیشتر شهرهای بزرگ معاصر در سراسر جهان است. شیوع این پدیده به حدی افزایش یافته که هم جوامع توسعه‌یافته و هم در حال توسعه را درگیر نموده است. کار کودکان به هر شکلی از به‌کارگیری کودکان در فعالیت‌هایی که از نظر ذهنی، جسمی، اجتماعی یا اخلاقی خطرناک است و آنها را از کودکی و مشارکت مستمر در آموزش محروم می‌کند، اطلاق می‌شود. در این مطالعه، تلاش شده است تا با استفاده از داده‌های موجود مربوط به کار کودکان (داده‌های خرد از بررسی نیروی کار از سال‌های ۱۳۹۵ تا ۱۳۹۹ استفاده شده است)، مروری بر وضعیت این کودکان در ایران ارائه شود. سپس، با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک، عوامل فردی و خانوادگی مؤثر بر کار کودکان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در مدل کلی، مهاجرت (هم بین‌المللی و هم داخلی)، عدم تحصیلات سرپرست خانوار، و زندگی در مناطق روستایی به عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر مشارکت کودکان در بازار کار شناسایی شده‌اند. در مناطق شهری، مهم‌ترین عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر مشارکت کودکان به ترتیب اهمیت، مهاجرت (هم بین‌المللی و هم داخلی) و بیکاری سرپرست خانوار بودند. در مناطق روستایی، متغیرهای محیطی کلیدی که باعث افزایش مشارکت کودکان می‌شدند شامل سطح تحصیلات سرپرست خانوار، مهاجرت و بیکاری سرپرست خانوار بودند. تحلیل الگوهای شهری و روستایی به طور جداگانه و اجتناب از خطاهای تجمیعی، اهمیت بالای عوامل اقتصادی در کار کودکان را برجسته می‌کند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • کار کودکان
  • کودکان خیابانی
  • اقتصاد خانوار
  • رگرسیون لجستیک

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History

  • Receive Date: 22 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 01 February 2025
  • Accept Date: 02 February 2025

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