Green Paradox Test in Fiscal Decentralization Using Multi-Objective Optimization and Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

In a situation where environmental degradation, extreme climatic events, energy consumption, and increasing carbon dioxide emissions have become major challenges, fiscal decentralization is recognized as an effective strategy to promote environmental sustainability. Fiscal decentralization is an integrated system of the management of revenue, expenditure, and related liabilities to lower levels of government.  In the present study, RSM and seasonal data during the period 1996-2023 were used for multi-objective optimization. Two objective functions, carbon dioxide reduction and energy consumption, were also selected for optimization in two scenarios. The research variables also include revenue decentralization, expenditure decentralization, economic growth, urbanization rate, and industrialization. For optimization in both scenarios, 4 influential decision-making variables were selected and considered as optimization variables, and the goal was to reduce the two objective functions of carbon dioxide and energy consumption. In the first scenario, Important factors are the rate of urbanization, industrialization, and economic growth on the objective function of energy consumption and carbon dioxide. Also, the revenue decentralization parameter had the least impact on the objective functions of carbon dioxide and energy consumption. In the second scenario, the greatest impact on the objective function was economic growth and industrialization rate. Also, the least impact on the objective functions was the expenditure decentralization parameter. Therefore, in both scenarios, revenue decentralization and expenditure decentralization had a negligible and negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore, a green paradox was not created in Iran.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

آزمون تناقض سبز در تمرکززدایی مالی با استفاده از روش بهینه‌سازی چند هدفه و سطح پاسخ (RSM)

Authors [Persian]

  • ابراهیم انواری
  • الهام جعفری
  • امیرحسین منتظرحجت
  • حسن فرازمند
دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

  در شرایطی که تخریب محیط زیست، رویدادهای اقلیمی شدید، رشد مصرف انرژی و انتشار فزاینده دی­ اکسیدکربن به چالش‌های اساسی تبدیل شده‌اند، تمرکززدایی مالی به‌عنوان یک راهبرد کارآمد در جهت ارتقای پایداری زیست محیطی شناخته می‌شود. تمرکززدایی مالی یک نظام یکپارچه است که شامل چارچوبی برای انتقال مدیریت درآمد، مخارج و بدهی­ های مرتبط به سطح پایین­ تر دولت است. در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان، تمرکززدایی مالی به عنوان یکی از حیاتی ­ترین ابزارهای سیاست برای پیشرفت اقتصادی و اجتماعی محلی است. در مطالعه حاضر برای بهینه­ سازی چند هدفه از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM ) و داده‌های فصلی طی دوره 1400- 1375 استفاده شده است. دو تابع هدف کاهش دی ­اکسید کربن و مصرف انرژی نیز در دو سناریو برای بهینه شدن انتخاب شدند. همچنین متغییرهای تحقیق شامل تمرکززدایی درآمد، تمرکززدایی مخارج، رشد اقتصادی، نرخ شهرنشینی و صنعتی شدن می­باشند. برای بهینه‌سازی  در هر دو سناریو، 4 متغیر تصمیم‌گیر تأثیرگذار انتخاب و به‌عنوان متغیرهای بهینه‌سازی در نظر گرفته شده­ اند و هدف کاهش دو تابع هدف دی‌اکسید کربن و مصرف انرژی بوده است. در سناریوی اول، عوامل تاثیرگذار نرخ شهرنشینی، صنعتی شدن و رشد اقتصادی، بر تابع هدف مصرف انرژی و دی­ اکسیدکربن می ­باشند. همچنین، کمترین تأثیر را بر توابع هدف دی­ اکسیدکربن و مصرف انرژی پارامتر تمرکززدایی درآمد داشته است. در سناریو دوم، بیشترین تاثیر بر تابع هدف را رشد اقتصادی و نرخ صنعتی شدن داشته است. همچنین، کمترین تأثیر را بر توابع هدف پارامتر تمرکززدایی مخارج داشته است. بنابراین،  در هر دو سناریو تمرکززدایی درآمد و تمرکززدایی مخارج تاثیر ناچیز و منفی بر انتشار دی­ اکسیدکربن داشته و بنابراین تناقض سبز در  ایران ایجاد نشده است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • عدم تمرکز مالی
  • رشد اقتصادی
  • مصرف انرژی

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 March 2025
  • Revise Date: 23 July 2025
  • Accept Date: 28 July 2025

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