International Economics
Golnaz Hadian; Sara Ghobadi; Majid Sameti
Abstract
In the last two decades, some economists have provided a model for obtaining the optimal tax rate to maximize economic growth. Aiming to contribute to these studies, this work presents a new approach for the determination of the optimal tax rate based on a stochastic metafrontier analysis. To this end, ...
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In the last two decades, some economists have provided a model for obtaining the optimal tax rate to maximize economic growth. Aiming to contribute to these studies, this work presents a new approach for the determination of the optimal tax rate based on a stochastic metafrontier analysis. To this end, the meta technical efficiency (MTE), group’s technical efficiency (TE), technology gap ratio (TGR), and optimal tax rate (OTR) were determined for the period 1996-2018 in a selection of member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (Group A), lower-middle-income (Group B) and upper-middle-income (Group C). It was found that Group A has the maximum average values of MTE, TE, and TGR, while most countries in Group B have the minimum average MTE. The results demonstrated that Russia enjoys the highest average values of MTE, TE, and TGR, and can be considered as the reference for the countries in Group C. Finally, it was concluded that with 90% statistical confidence, the average real tax rates in Iran and Kuwait are less than the balanced budget OTR during the studied period. The emphasis on increasing tax rates to maximize economic growth and the improvement in the efficiency of these governments seems necessary.
Public Economics
Fatemeh Etemedmoghaddam; Majid Sameti; Sara Ghobadi; Mansour Mahinizadeh
Abstract
In an effort to achieve economic growth and development, to eliminate or minimize the traditional barriers of trade, trade facilitation (TF), and increase international trade, free trade zones in Iran were founded. In this regard, part of the solution to increasing countries' international trade is provided ...
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In an effort to achieve economic growth and development, to eliminate or minimize the traditional barriers of trade, trade facilitation (TF), and increase international trade, free trade zones in Iran were founded. In this regard, part of the solution to increasing countries' international trade is provided by Public- Private Partnerships. Since trade facilitation includes a relationship between the Public and Private sectors, this type of partnership is especially important in trade facilitation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship of the factors that have the greatest impact on TF-oriented PPPs in the free zones and these factors derive from the theory of PPPs. Qualitative data was collected focusing on private, public, and academic sector professionals involved in free zones and trade by a researcher-made questionnaire. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) strategy was utilized to look at the model and test the research hypotheses. Of the 5-hypothesis proposed by this study, four hypotheses were confirmed and one was rejected. The results have shown that the variables of private sector abilities, the micro-environment factors, and the macro-environment factors, in that arrange, have the foremost impact on TF-oriented PPPs and TF-oriented PPPs have a strong relationship to trade facilitation. Therefore, the use of TF-oriented PPPs in free zones can have a positive effect on trade facilitation, and the development of TF dimensions will also lead to trade facilitation in Iran's free zones.
