Macroeconomics
Ali Hojati; Mohammad Hossein Rahmati
Abstract
There is a vast line of research in misallocation like Hsieh and Klenow (2009), which see its roots in policy distortions. However, papers like Bill, Klenow, and Ruane(2020) argued differences in measured average products might reflect misspecification instead of actual marginal products. By focusing ...
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There is a vast line of research in misallocation like Hsieh and Klenow (2009), which see its roots in policy distortions. However, papers like Bill, Klenow, and Ruane(2020) argued differences in measured average products might reflect misspecification instead of actual marginal products. By focusing on the Indian and Chinese manufacturing sectors, this paper shows that these results are sensitive to the parameters of the factor accumulation and the production function. Notably, the optimal dispersion depends on the parametrization, so one can't address the misallocation without a country-specific calibration of the model, we observe that the Hsieh and Klenow (2009) results are highly dependent on the measurement of the elasticity of substitution and capital share in production. Therefore, the assumption of the same parameters for all three countries could misguide us to a wrong measurement of the actual effects of misallocation. So we need to focus on the estimation of production function before any calculation on misallocation.
Other
zeinab shokoohi; Mohammad Bakhshoudeh; Mahdi Asgari
Abstract
Subsidies reform in Iran started in 2010 after the implementation of the Targeted Subsidies Plan. Increasing the efficiency and productivity of production units through price realization was a main objective of this policy. However, the resulting spike in input and output prices challenged the achievement ...
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Subsidies reform in Iran started in 2010 after the implementation of the Targeted Subsidies Plan. Increasing the efficiency and productivity of production units through price realization was a main objective of this policy. However, the resulting spike in input and output prices challenged the achievement of the policy goals. The main purpose of this article is to compare the efficiency of the dairy farms in Iran before and after the Targeted Subsidies Plan was implemented. We used a sample of longitudinal data over the years 1990, 1993, 2000, 2007, 2013, 2016, and 2019 covering 11 regions in 18 provinces and applied stochastic frontier analysis by imposing the monotonicity condition to evaluate efficiency and productivity of the farms. The estimation results show that the unrestricted production frontier is not monotonic in energy and labor. Therefore, imposing a monotonicity condition reduces estimation bias which is critical for policymaking. Unbiased estimation of productive efficiency resulting from imposing the monotonicity condition ranges from 0.72 to 0.86, depending on the region. Results also show a 17% reduction in the production efficiency of the examined dairy farms after the subsidy reform plan which is against the policy goals. The regional differences in the efficiency of intensive dairy farming indicate the need for the more regionally specific supplementary policy, in terms of support schemes and subsidy reforms.
Total authors
Abstract
سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی (FDI) به عنوان بخش جدایی‌ناپذیر از یک نظام اقتصادی باز و موثر بین المللی و عاملی کلیدی برای رشد و توسعه بین کشورها محسوب می‌شود. ایران به دلیل ...
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سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی (FDI) به عنوان بخش جدایی‌ناپذیر از یک نظام اقتصادی باز و موثر بین المللی و عاملی کلیدی برای رشد و توسعه بین کشورها محسوب می‌شود. ایران به دلیل برخورداری از منابع عظیم نفت و گاز و همچنین بازارهای نسبتاً بزرگ، پتانسیل بالایی برای جذب سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی به مراتب بیشتر از عملکرد خود دارد. این در حالی است که اعمال تحریم‌های مختلف بر کشور در سال‌های اخیر با ایجاد فضای روانی خصمانه و ریسک بالای فعالیتهای اقتصادی منجر به کاهش سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی شده است.در این مقاله قصد داریم با استفاده از روش کنترل ترکیبی (SCM) به بررسی تاثیرات گسترده تحریم‌های اقتصادی اعمال شده توسط ایالات متحده بر FDI ایران بین سال‌های 1980 تا 2020 بپردازیم. ما از طریق SCM تفاوت FDI را بین کشور تحت درمان (ایران) و ترکیبی (ایران ترکیبی) تخمین می‌زنیم.نتایج نشان می‌دهد که تحریم‌ها منجر به کاهش تقریبا 12 میلیارد دلاری سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی در مقایسه با وضعیت بدون تحریم شده است. به دنبال تشدید تحریم‌ها در دولت ترامپ و خروج ایالات متحده از برجام، اثرات منفی کاهشFDI به اوج خود یعنی 20 میلیارد دلار در سال 2020 رسیده است. علاوه بر این، آزمونهای دارونما نشان می‌دهند که نتایج از نظر آماری در سطح 10٪ معنادار هستند.
Vahid Shahabinejad; Mohammad Reza Zare Mehrjerdi; Morteza Yaghoubi
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze total factor productivity (TFP) growth and its components in Asian countries applying Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to the time series data of 44 Asian countries from 2000 to 2010. Using Battese and Coelli approach, TFP is divided into technical efficiency change ...
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The aim of this paper is to analyze total factor productivity (TFP) growth and its components in Asian countries applying Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to the time series data of 44 Asian countries from 2000 to 2010. Using Battese and Coelli approach, TFP is divided into technical efficiency change and technical change. TFP decomposition using SFA method for the years 1998 to 2007 indicates that in 75 % of these economies, the role of technical change in productivity growth is negative. Only in 11 countries technical change had a positive role in productivity growth. The growth of TFP shows that Japan has the highest productivity growth (2.55 %) and Saudi Arabia, Korea and Hong Kong are located in subsequent positions. Furthermore, due to the lowest technical progress, newly independent countries, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have the slowest TFP growth.
