نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اقتصاد،دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران

چکیده

مخارج دولت یک ابزار مالی مهم برای توانمند سازی فقرا به شمار می رود. به گونه ای که دولت با سرمایه گذاری در حوزه های دفاعی، قانون گذاری، نظم و امنیت محیطی مناسب برای کسب و کار افراد فراهم می کند. همچنین، با ارائه خدمات اجتماعی همچون؛ آموزش، بهداشت، تامین اجتماعی و زیر ساخت های حمل و نقل، ارتباطات، انرژی موجب افزایش توانایی های انسانی برای کسب درآمد بیشتر، کاهش فقر و نابرابری می شود. در این میان، هدف این پژوهش برآورد مقدار بهینه مخارج دولت در اﻣﻮر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و فرهنگی، ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و دﻓﺎﻋﯽ و فصول مربوط به هریک از امور با هدف حداقل سازی نابرابری درآمد است. در این راستا از مدل رگرسیون آستانه و الگوریتم برنامه ریزی خطی سیمپلکس جهت برآورد داده های سری زمانی در طی دوره زمانی 1398-1350 بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج بیانگر این است که برای کاهش نابرابری درآمد باید مقدار بهینه کل مخارج دولت برابر 19.2 درصد تولید ناخالص داخلی باشد. همچنین، برای کاهش نابرابری درآمد باید مقدار بهینه مخارج امور عمومی، دفاعی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی در تولید ناخالص داخلی به ترتیب به 1.1، 2.35، 10.2 و 5.5 درصد برسد. همچنین، در میان فصول، مقدار بهینه فصل آموزش، سلامت و دفاع با بیشترین اولویت باید به ترتیب به 6.5 ، 2.25، 1.79 درصد از تولید ناخالص داخلی باشد. سایر فصول نیز آثار متفاوتی بر روی نابرابری درآمد دارا هستند.

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